Your dog's tricks
Rocky knows how to sit. You say: Rocky, sit! In Python: rocky.sit()
07FUNCTIONS · METHODS
Boxes that come with the value.
Some functions belong to a value. You call them with a dot: value.job(). They are called methods.
IN REAL LIFE
Things that know their own jobs.
You do not teach these tricks again. You say who, then a dot, then the job.
The TV remote
The volume button belongs to the TV: tv.volume_up()
The backpack zipper
backpack.open() opens this backpack, not your friend's.
LOOK FIRST
Who, dot, job.
The dot joins them
Write the value, a dot, and the method: name.upper()
Text has its own
"hi".upper() gives back "HI". "cat".replace("c", "h") gives back "hat".
Lists have their own
toys.append("ball") does a job: it puts ball at the end of the list.
STEP BY STEP
Ask the boxes with a dot.
Some methods do a job, like def. Some give something back, like return.
toys = ["car", "doll"]A list box with 2 toys, like in Boxes of all kinds.toys.append("ball")The list's own job: add ball at the end. It gives nothing back.print(toys)Shows ['car', 'doll', 'ball']name = "pybot"A text box.print(name.upper())upper gives back a new text in capitals: PYBOTRUN IT
Fill PyBot's lunch box.
Guess first. Then run real Python and check.
Guess the result
snacks = ["apple"]
snacks.append("banana")
snacks.append("grapes")
print(snacks)What will Python show?
OUTPUT
PyBot's hint
Ready. Press Run Python.
Python runs here thanks to Pyodide ♥
Pyodide 314.0.3 runs CPython in your browser with WebAssembly.
Open-source under the Mozilla Public License 2.0. License
Now change one thing: Add one more append line with your favorite snack.
YOUR TURN
Who, dot, job.
Try each tiny question. A wrong answer becomes something to review.
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Rocky, sit!
Rocky the dog knows how to sit. PyBot wants Rocky to sit.
How would Python say it?
The joining symbol
Which symbol joins a value to its method?
Big letters
print("hi".upper())What does Python show?
Swap a letter
print("cat".replace("c", "h"))What does Python show?
A new pet
pets = ["cat"]
pets.append("dog")
print(pets)What does Python show?
Count the letters
print("banana".count("a"))What does Python show?
Not my trick
age = 9
print(age.upper())What happens?
Fix PyBot's code
PyBot called upper like a normal function, but upper belongs to the text. Use the dot. Make it show: HELLO
Goal output
HELLOOUTPUT
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BIG IDEA
A method is a function that belongs to a value.
Who, dot, job. Some methods do a job, some give something back, just like the boxes you made with def.